Folate is known to prevent which of the following neural tube defects?

Folate, a B-vitamin also known as vitamin B9, plays a crucial role in proper cell division and is particularly important during periods of rapid growth, such as pregnancy. Research has shown that adequate folate intake before and during early pregnancy can significantly reduce the risk of certain neural tube defects, specifically spina bifida and anencephaly.

Spina bifida occurs when the spinal column does not close completely, which can lead to serious physical and neurological complications. Anencephaly, on the other hand, is a severe condition where a major part of the brain and skull does not develop. Both of these conditions are classified as neural tube defects, which occur in the early stages of fetal development when the neural tube—which becomes the baby's brain and spinal cord—fails to close properly.

Folate is essential for the synthesis of DNA and the maintenance of normal cellular function, and its role in preventing these specific defects is supported by numerous studies. Public health recommendations often include folic acid supplementation for women who are planning to become pregnant as a preventive measure against these types of defects.

Thus, the correct answer highlights the significant relationship between folate and the prevention of spina bifida and anencephaly, which are directly associated with