What are the two strongest risk factors for developing Type 2 diabetes?

The two strongest risk factors for developing Type 2 diabetes are family history and obesity. Family history plays a crucial role because genetics can significantly influence an individual's likelihood of developing diabetes; if a parent or sibling has Type 2 diabetes, the risk increases due to inherited traits and potential shared lifestyle factors. This familial link emphasizes the genetic component of diabetes.

Obesity is particularly significant, as excess body weight contributes to insulin resistance, where the body's cells don't respond effectively to insulin. Adipose tissue, especially when concentrated around the abdomen, releases substances that can create a pro-inflammatory environment, further complicating metabolic processes. As such, individuals with a higher body mass index (BMI) are at a markedly increased risk for developing Type 2 diabetes, making obesity a central focus in diabetes prevention strategies.

The other choices present factors that may contribute to diabetes risk, but they do not carry the same level of significance as family history and obesity. For instance, while age can influence diabetes risk, it is not as direct a factor as the presence of familial predisposition or obesity. Similarly, smoking and physical inactivity can contribute to overall health deterioration, but they are considered secondary to the primary risk factors mentioned. Lastly, dietary patterns impact health and diabetes management but aren't