What is the impact of alcohol or smoking during pregnancy on fetal development?

Choosing the option that reflects the impact of alcohol and smoking during pregnancy highlights significant health concerns associated with these substances. During pregnancy, both alcohol and smoking can have detrimental effects on fetal development.

When a pregnant individual consumes alcohol, it can lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), which are characterized by a range of physical, behavioral, and learning problems, including low birth weight. Maternal smoking is also associated with various adverse outcomes, including reduced oxygen flow to the fetus, which can contribute to low birth weight and other complications.

The relationship between alcohol and smoking use during pregnancy and low birth weight is well-supported by research. Low birth weight is a critical factor that can impact the long-term health and development of the child, leading to increased risks for various health issues throughout life. Thus, acknowledging the increased risk of low birth weight from both alcohol consumption and smoking during pregnancy is essential for understanding the importance of avoiding these substances to promote healthy fetal development.