Which vitamin performs a major function in energy metabolism?

Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, plays a crucial role in energy metabolism primarily by serving as a coenzyme in several key biochemical reactions. It is essential for the conversion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into energy. Riboflavin is a component of two important coenzymes—flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)—which are critical in the metabolism of macronutrients.

These coenzymes facilitate the transfer of electrons in the electron transport chain, a fundamental process in cellular respiration that generates adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of the cell. In addition to energy production, riboflavin is involved in antioxidant mechanisms, helping to protect cells from oxidative damage.

The other vitamins mentioned—such as vitamin E, vitamin A, and vitamin K—are important for various bodily functions but do not have a direct and significant role in energy metabolism like riboflavin does. Vitamin E primarily acts as an antioxidant, vitamin A is essential for vision and immune function, and vitamin K plays a vital role in blood clotting. Therefore, riboflavin's direct involvement in the fundamental processes of energy transformation clearly highlights its